Projekat Poboljsanja Kvaliteta Mleka i Inovacija u Mlekarskoj Industriji, Period Januar - Decembar 2009. godine.

Projekat Obuhvata Direktno Sprovodjenje na 50 farmi u Regionima Centralne Srbije, Sumadije, Posavine, Srema i Banata.

Vrednost Projekta 52.540 $

Za Sve Detaljnije Informacije Obratiti se Predstavnicima Taurus Agro Konsalting/a ili Predstavnicima USAID -DAI - AgroBiznis Projekta.

Kontakt Telefoni 013 839 129 Goran Petrovic, 060 6828787 - Gabrijela Trumpic Urzesku, 062473246 Zoran Janjatovic, 063 241 892 Radivoj Cosic.

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION REPORT

“Production and Milk Quality Improving on Commercial Farms in the framework of the USAID-AGRI Business Project”

Project Purpose: The main purpose of the plan and the implementation of the project "Improvement of production and milk quality on commercial farms in Serbia" was to improve the quality of raw milk in the family - commercial farms and connect more subjects in the dairy industry in Serbia, as the sector of providing raw milk and in the service sector (consulting) or in milk processing.

Networking with more subjects, obtained a positive effect in terms of better communication between different segments in dairy industry, as well as involvement of a greater number of skilled people and practitioners, who are each able to better connect their services and based on that, offers a new, higher quality services from their side.

The fact that part of the project, gathered a few teams, similar activities, but with different profiles of professional people, as well as the various courts in the region of Serbia, given the possibility of more complex communication, detailed recording sheet, where the common goal of improving the quality of raw milk and the introduction of new technology on farms that were involved in the project.

Based on the above forward, the emphasis was on education of farmers, implementation of the theoretical work in practice on farms, thus, improve the health status of cows, improving the quality of raw milk (chemistry and microbiology), obtaining a quality finished product and increase profitability, as farmers themselves, and dairy (with quality raw material, product quality will be better, Reproduction - or exploiting raw milk will be much larger, longer duration of terms of products, ... and it all leads to better quality of finished products and bigger dairy profitability).

A very important moment in the implementation of the project, is raising the quality level of service and level of consulting services and their common - team work in the field.

The aim of the Project Implementation: The project started in February, months after the contract signing between USAID DAI and Taurus Agro Konsalting, when in accordance with agreed commitments established a team for the implementation of measures for the advancement and improvement of milk production on farms that are involved in program.

Coordination of the entire program is implemented by DAI - Dairy Sector and the firm Taurus Agro Konsalting, with their teams in Vrsac, Zrenjanin, Novi Sad and in cooperation with the consulting teams on the ground, as subcontractor services as part of a project in the region of Central Serbia, West Serbia and Vojvodina.

Companies that were involved in the project, also in the capacity of consultants who carried out certain segments of the project on the farms themselves are Maxi Farm - Gornji Milanovac, Vet. Ambulance Guca - Guca, Lučar Holstein Farm - Deronje, Veterinary Station "Evrolek" - Sabac and Veterinary Station Vrsac - Vrsac.

Farms that are involved in the project were selected by the dairy industry (dairy Sabac - Sabac, Lazar Blace - Blace, Kuc Company - Kragujevac, dairy Moravica - Arilje, dairy PIK Zlatibor - Zlatibor), which were interested to support the implementation of the project and the Centers for Rural Development and Local Economic Development in certain municipalities (Zrenjanin, Vrsac, Novi Knezevac)

MONTHLY ACTIVITIES OF THE PROJECT: (Gabrijela)

In cooperation with the foregoing teams, as a first step, it was made a snapshot on a farm in the area of nutrition, reproduction and (Muse) microbiology and production results.

In implementation of concrete measures on the farms themselves, we encountered great support from the raw material Sabac Dairy Service, Educational Center for Rural Development in Zrenjanin, Local Economic Development in Vrsac, and raw dairy service Belgrade, Novi Sad and Vrsac, which operate within the AD Imlek (although AD Imlek was not directly involved in the project).

Beside family farms, we had good communication with all major farms in the field, who were involved in the project: Lazar Blace, Kuc Kompany Kragujevac, PIK Zlatibor, etc...

During March and April based on the previously recorded conditions on farms and on the basis of questionnaires completed and analyzed lists, to farmers have been forwarded feedback informations in terms of eliminating the current problems in technology, in which was conducted several presentations to larger groups of farmers, as a practical training on the farms themselves.

In terms of feedback, after snapshot on the ground, the most common problems we've dealt with was the issue of metabolic diseases (Ketosis, acidosis, feeding problems in the transition period, cows, ...), assessment of body condition, mastitis (disinfection before and after milking, subclinical mastitis and clinical mastitis) and reproduction (lag placenta, uterine inflammation, absence of estrus, long service periods, ...).

Although there are a lot of farmers who run their own high quality farm, it is obvious that there is a very big room for improvement, while primarily referring to large internal reserves, and the unused potential.

When speaking about the unexploited potential, especially the thought of preparing feed and exploiting the country in terms of yield and quality of livestock feed (corn silage and alfalfa hay/grass) and the genetic potential of the cows on the ground, which obviously does not occur expressed in its full extent, due to poor farm management, and often present extensive ways of growing cows (frequent changes of nutrients, use of pastures in the summer, even when are high temperatures, inadequate preparation of food due to poor assessment of the development phases in which plants prepare descending , alfalfa hay or senage, inadequate milking equipment, small collectors on milking equipment, ...)

Also, attention should be paid to eliminating "common" errors in production, and related to objects, , preparing food, feeding cows, milking and feeding equipment, eliminating the preventive effect on the occurrence of certain diseases (metabolic diseases, inflammation of the udder, foot problems, reproductive diseases, ...)

Particular attention should be paid to genetic improvement, especially in terms of productive and reproductive traits and other characteristics that affect the longevity of animals in what is now not paying enough attention, in many cases impulsive and unplanned, where as one of the key problems appears poorly organized basic selection services at state level, that above all should have basic information about the value of a herd and that certainly should drive further improvements on the farms themselves.

Also, we sure ourselves that in the area of Vojvodina and Serbia, there are several farms that may be drivers for other farmers in the region, as well as examples of good manufacturing practices, where individual farms start with the HACCP system of food safety standards in the quality of hygiene, milking, cooling and delivery of milk.

The best example of the above mentioned is family farm Tomic Jugoslav from Stajicevo - Zrenjanin region, which was 6 years ago, began with the construction of new farms, that in this moment had a daily production of 1500 liters, or annual production for year 2007. on the level of 450,000 liters of milk, and during 2008. he produced about 550,000 liters of milk, while with the production are only dealing household members. This farm has since 2006 certified HACCP standards in the field of milking and storage and cooling of milk on a farm.

Also good examples of family farms is family farm Jadranović Zoran from Dobrić - in the region of Sabac, who has a farm of 50 cows and an annual production of about 350,000 liters of milk.

Very good family farms with quality cows, experience, good technology and good production, we had the opportunity to see in Banatski Sokolac at Agbaba Goran Farm and in Margita at Dobrinko Mihailov Farm, in Maovi at Ivan Pavlovic Farm, etc ...

Team for the implementation of actions within the project consisted of: Eng. Gabrijela Trumpić, Dipl. Agrooecc. Zoran Janjatović, BSc. Radivoj Cosic, Associate BSc. Milan Maksimovic, Associate Dipl.Vet. Adam Šuluburić, Associate Dipl.Vet. Davor Sasic, Professional Associates of Lučar Holstein Farm, Professional Associates of scientific Veterinary Institute Novi Sad, ..

List of farmers involved in the project is as follows: 1.Stanojević Dragan 2.Damjanović Danijel 3.Glišić Saša 4.Djurdjević Saša 5.Djordjević Dejan 6.Purić Novak 7.Žikić Mira 8.Mihajlović Ljubomir 9.Obrenović Milutin 10.Zoran Jadranović 11.Slobodan Nikolić 12.Milivoje Lukić 13.Milan Božić 14.Dragan Djokić 15.Vasić Goran 16.Nemanja Jakovljević 17.Miodrag Lukić 18.Ivan Pavlović 19.Agbaba Goran 20.Mihajlov Dobrinko 21.Romelić Milutin 22.Bodrožić Nikola 23.Grujić Sloba 24.Rankov Petar 25.Kazan Georgice 26.Atnadja Viorel 27.Gojka George 28.Šećerov Uroš 29.Gere Bela 30.Jovanović Dragan 31.Paripović Dušan 32.Milović Ivan 33.AD Feketić 34.Farmenco doo 35.Nada Knežević 36.Milisav Čvorić 37.Žižić Stojan 38.Rudolf Sabo 39.Burza Mironjel 40.Ivkov Stojan 41.Jovanović Jovan 42.Karlaš Andrija 43.Jovanov Stevica 44.Mihajlov Aleksandar 45.Stojkov Dragan 46.Jugoslav Tomić 47.ZZ Nakovo 48.PIK Zlatibor 49.Kuč Kompani 50.Lazar Blace doo.

During the project, held several individual and group meetings with farmers and farm tours, where we are except education, in mutual exchange of informations with farmers tried to achieve open communication and to see which are the main problems that farmers face in all regions where the program is implemented and how many milk cows are available on all farms. Within the education and presentations, farmers are regularly received the materials in writing (a copy of the professional literature and translated materials which company Taurus Agro Konsalting continuously receives from partners CRI Cooperative Resources International, USA) in the form of CD in terms of direct policy on particular areas in food technology, milking and reproduction.

Very attended seminars were during the month of April, when we, in cooperation with USAID Program, Taurus Agro Konsalting and Cooperative Resources International CRI - Europe, organized a high-quality seminars in Zrenjanin, Subotica and Kragujevac, where the topics are processed "diet of cows in the transition period", "Possibilities of Genetic Improvement of High Milking Cows", "Preparation of high quality cumbrously food" and "Preventive action of subclinical and clinical mastitis. Lecturers were Dr.Vet. Jack Bechan - United Kingdom, specializing in reproductive physiology, MR. Mile Stojkovic - nutrition specialist, director of the Research Center PKB corporations and Eng. Radivoj Cosic - Taurus Agro Konsalting. In all of three seminars were attended by 200 farmers, veterinarians, graduate engineers of Agriculture, representatives of basic civil services, institutes, ministries of agriculture, dairies, farms which are not include in program, advisory services, media, ....

During the implementation of the project were held seminars on several occasions in Sabac, Zrenjanin, and Vrsac on "Ratings Physical Condition on High Milking Cows", "Linear Estimation of Holstein Cows" and presentation of "MAP Program", on selecting the best bulls in the insemination of cows of certain line, eliminate the possibility of larger percentage of the inbreeding insemination.

Very positive during the seminars, in our opinion, is the active participation of farmers and open communication about the topics treated, and each introduction of farmers and expert services from different regions of Serbia, who in the future have the possibility of greater connectivity and greater mutual cooperation.

Also we consider that very important moment during the project and the seminars is an opportunity to the farmers to see several large farms with high milk production, with farmers in Stajićevo-Jugoslav Tomic, farm Radislav Cobanin in Samos, farm Farmenco in Temerin, after which they could hear the different experiences in this production, where we already have feedback that some farmers started using the suggested technologies (prepared animal feed, food, milking and disinfection, construction of buildings, ...).

During July and August we prepared for the farmers a "Guide for Milk Production on High Milking Farms", which was forwarded to all addresses of active participants in the project. Material that was used for the preparation of a guide, obtained from collaborators in the USA, in coordination with educators from Serbia.

Basic problems on farms, which are observed after farm visits, analysing of questionnaires of areas of nutrition, reproduction and hygiene of milk, and held seminars, which are processed and forwarded to individual farmers and in "Guide for high milk production on high dairy farms " are as follows:

1. Problematic with accommodation of the cows and inadequate facilities

There are very few of adequate facilities in terms of good ventilation and adequate opportunity to maintain good hygiene (such objects are on farms Kuč Company, Farmenco, Lazar Blace, Uros Šećerov, Jadranović Zoran, Ivan Pavlovic, Jugoslav Tomic, ...). A large number of facilities are with inadequate dimensions, there is very large humidity and temperature, which carries a good environment for the development of microorganisms, which still allows the presence of bigger problems as mastitis, hoof problems, problems of reproduction, ... , which later have a big consequences in the processing of milk in the final products, because reproduction is worse, problems with proteolysis ...

Such objects are particularly big problem in summer when temperatures are over 25 degrees and more, and when this reflects the consumption and intake of dry matter, and it is further reflected in the decrease in milk production, the general weakening of the immune and the possibility of chronic disease , which greatly limit the production in such conditions.

2. The problems of nutrition and food providing (both in terms of quantity and in terms of quality)

This is currently very strong issue, because last year was very poor and arid climate, so that the small number of farmers is able to provide adequate nutrition, which provides good and stable production throughout the year (silage, alfalfa ,...).

Especially the big problem is silage that the vast majority of farmers do not produce or produce for only one period of the year, even if they provide silage, it is quite poor quality (low dry matter, poor fermentation, wrong technology in preparing,...), so during lactation changes are present in diet that lead to more frequent changes of rumen microflora, which does not allow adequate demonstration of the genetic potential of cows.

It's expressed desire in most regions that process through the project that farmers practicing grazing in spring, summer and autumn period, although unfinished pastures, distant and overall speaking, farmers with this orientation have more damage then benefits, primarily in financial terms . (The rule is that animals should not go on grazing further than 500 meters from the farm where they are situated, and in most cases, the pastures are away from 1 to 2 kilometers, especially in the region of Zrenjanin, and if we add to this condition high temperatures during the summer and uncultivated pastures, problem of available water, problems are doubling...).

3. Inadequate equipment and machinery for preparing animal feed (or total absence of adequate machinery)

The big problem is the lack of silo-kombis, presses, accessories, silo-trenches, eaves for storage of hay, the absence of inocullants use in the preparation of feed, removal of cultures in the wrong periods of vegetation, small areas under irrigation systems, ...

4. The problems of transition period of cows (the period immediately before calving and after calving) in the diet of cows.

In the field we meets a cows which are generally larger genetic potential of what real farmers get through lactation production.

Biggest problems are in the period after calving, or in the transition period, when the phenomenon is often a negative energy balance and the emergence of various metabolic diseases.

This problem can be solved easily, if farmers accept the recommendations, on which they can apply a simple model of eating for cows, where they will provide to cows enough available energy and adequate amounts of protein of appropriate quality and quantity, and the necessary vitamins and minerals in this, the most sensitive period of lactation production.

5. Metabolic diseases problems, reproduction problems, mastitis and foot diseases problems

The biggest problems appear at the farms were metabolic diseases, such as Ketosis and acidosis commonly occur in the period immediately after calving heifers and cows (transition period).

This is a direct consequence of poor nutrition in the period before calving and after calving

In some situations, the problem is even luxuriously diet in the period before calving, when farmers in good faith, make mistakes, which is later reflected in the cows that are with too body reserves, or which are in stronger shape than they should, so after calving, cows unable to consume sufficient amounts of dry matter and consume their body reserves, which inevitably leads to metabolic diseases and reduced production.

Above mentioned problems, also leading to further problems with reproduction, lagging placenta, absence of estrus, a large number of insemination, long service periods, ...

When cows enter the problems with metabolism, then comes to general immune weakening , which favors phenomena (except Ketosis and acidosis) of mastitis, laminitis, phlegmon, ...

What is necessary in the period after calving, to avoid problems of negative energy balance, is the preservation of appetite and dry matter intake, quality preserve of rumen microflora and body condition of cows.

Each entered kilogram of dry matter is sufficient for 2.0 to 2.4 liters of raw milk.

Increased consumption of dry matter in the early stage of lactation, in the first 100 days, is the more important, when it is known that raw milk production is high and the body reserves are very small.

According to the recommendations of the research in the USA (according to NRC recommendations), cows that produce 40 liters of milk a day, they have to enter 4% of dry matter per 100 kg of body weight, which means that a cow of 600 kg, should bring about 24 kg of dry matter bulky and concentrated food, and it is known that cows in our conditions, although they have good genetic potential of most social farms entered about 18 to 20 kg of dry matter.

During project implementation, were held lectures that are related to the field of nutrition, milking, hygiene and mastitis, as well as dairy farm management, committed and visiting farms proposed by the dairy farmers who cooperate, are given specific recommendations in oral and written forms as well as visiting a farms with high quality and high production.

In cooperation with representatives of USAID, Office of the LED and Dairy, are organized and divided, in the form of grants for farmers, resources that should enable better health, easier start with higher lactation of milk and quality persistention of lactation, and the elimination of metabolic diseases in the transition period.

Products that are divided on the basis of propylene glycol (in addition to diet), organic essential amino acids (in addition to diet) and hydrogen peroxide (disinfectant) - a biodegradable disinfectant product, and acidic and basic hygiene products for cooling milk and equipment used as dipper before and after milking, to preserve the health condition of udders and teat.

Also as part of the project on several occasions, we performed somatic cell testing device PORTA SCC - USA, both aggregated and in individual milk in cows, based on requests by farmers, and to inspect the general condition of the farms in terms of problems and clinical and sub-clinical mastitis.

With the testing of sub-clinical mastitis, there is divided written material in the form of protocols for regular analysis and prevention of sub-clinical and clinical mastitis.

On the farms, except farm tour and fill out the questionnaire list, in oral form to farmers are given specific recommendations in relation to the situation on the farm, and to farmers are divided written materials on the recommendations and protocols in terms of improvements in milk production.

If we compare the results obtained at the end of project implementation, October 2009. and if for the elimination of seasonal fluctuations in milk production we take into account the production results of all 50 farmers from the period of October 2008. year (in consultation with Williem Grent) we get the following positive results, which were obtained in good part as a result of the implementation of the project:

USAID PROGRAM REPORT / Comparison of Results October 2008. / October 2009.

TABLE REVIEWS AND COMPARATIVE RESULTS

1. At the end of the project in relation to October 2008. number of cows has increased for 669 cows (note- opened two new farms)

2. At the end of the project in relation to October 2008. number of milking cows has increased for 597 cows.

3. At the end of the project in relation to October 2008. total amount of milk has increased for 450.749 liters.

4. There is important difference on daily level, because a daily production in October of 2009. in relation of October 2008. was increased for 15036 liters.

5. Fat average was increased for 0,13% in October of 2009. in relation of October 2008.

6. Protein average was increased for 0,06% in October of 2009. in relation of October 2008.

7. Average number of microorganisms was decreased for 591.000

8. Average number of Somatic Cells was decreased for 383.000

9. Barn average was increased for 3.63 liters per cow per day.

-At the end of the project compared to October 2008.. Average price per 1 liter of milk increased by 3.5 din. / lit. ie. 0.055 USD or 16.6% of the total increase amounts to 219.232 USD

- Also due to improved technology and all other segments of the farm there was an increase of milking average and therefore lactation production per cow to 1189.5 liters, which will improve the income of all farms for the number of cows from October 2008. of 1473 cows for 681.385 USD per lactation.

- Number of direct beneficiaries in the program were 50 farmers

- Total number of participants in the seminar was 260 - farmers, veterinary technicians, veterinarians, experts from the raw service of seven dairies as well as employees from the ABDS who were involved in project implementation.

Based on Project Implementation and forward mentioning we can extract the following conclusions:

1.On processed ground in the wider region of Serbia, there is a large number of farmers with a greater number of cows and insufficient use of the genetic potential.

2.On most farms there is a very big room for improvement in production, both in the quality of raw milk, and in lactation or total amounts.

3.Production on the farms, per cow, is moving in lactation, from 4000 liters to 9500 liters of milk.

4.Many farmers did not know the basis of good technology of cow nutrition, especially at the start of lactation, in the transition period.

5.Major problem is in the period before calving and after calving period, when there are many problems in terms of metabolic diseases.

6.Most farms do not provide a good stodgy food, year round, and during lactation.

7.Because they do not provide sufficient quantities of bulky food, production is more expensive, costs are higher, and there is less profitability for farmers.

8.Most of the farmers have not adequate facilities for high milk production (insufficient dimensions of buildings with poor ventilation and high temperature).

9.Most of the farmers using grazing, which is of poor quality and is quite far from the stables where the cows were placed. On the pastures is also present a problem of available water.

10.Some farmers who are placed on farms, lack of adequate electricity for quality milk production.

11.Most of farms within the project are not covered with selection measures, and if they have contracts with some of selection services, only a minimal part of selection measures is caring out, without regular control of milk, which basically is a major problem because with the absence of these measures is present the inability of specific monitoring and directing of production. Lack of implementation of selection measures is present primarily because of unprofitable implementation of these measures by selection basic services and essential incomprehension of these measures by farmers, as well as a complete lack of serious support for these measures by the State, that cover this sector.

12.On the most large farms, milking activity is adequately resolved in terms of quality machine (De Laval, Westfallia, Sacc, MilkLine, ...) but without regular service, and regular replacement of rubber parts.

13.Smaller farms mostly have milking machines with lower quality, which caused many problems in the form of inflammation of the udder, and the same is necessary to replace with quality equipment with quality pulsators and collectors. Some larger farms who are planning to expand production, planning and procurement milking with the appropriate number of places for milking.

14.Larger farms generally using disinfectant before and after milking, while the smaller farms that part of the hygiene measures doesn't apply, and this measure also depends on what is relationship to the microbiology from Dairy with whom they work.

15.There is present problems of foot, with foot disease, (with the present problems of metabolic disorders) which reduce the annual production from 10 to 20% on complete lactation.

16.Present problems of metabolic disease in the transition period, inevitably affects the issue of reproduction, and the backwardness of placenta after calving, the non-functional ovaries for a longer period after calving, non-manifest of estrus, the debt service period, a bad concept, ...

17.Farmers are facing with the problems of old and inadequate mechanization, and the impossibility of entering the credit line due to high interest rates by banks.

18.High need for irrigation systems.

19.High need for better milking equipment.

20.Farmers have high interest and need for education in the field of dairy production in the biotechnology and Zoo hygiene (diet, reproduction, hygiene of Milk, Technological Standards for construction of facilities for milk cows, the problems of metabolic disease, cost of dairy cow farms, ...).

It is obvious that there is a very large space in the possibilities of improving production in all segments, as well as on the ground that there are adequate examples of good technology implemented, with the very important moment of the further education of interested farmers, and mutual exchange of experience smaller farmers and farmers who are just starting to narrow specialized production, with farmers who are good examples of 'good manufacturing practices'.

All total, through the project are achieved many positive results and improvements, though this year was extremely difficult for farmers because the price of milk at the global level, the lowest in comparison to the last few years.

Despite everything, it is obvious that the farmers who have chosen for a serious and intensive production, have enough enthusiasm and desire for improving and enlarging their farms.

All the above mentioned points us that the continuing education of farmers may not be stopped, because the production of milk and dairy industry obviously have the potential for stable and profitable production, if it takes care of quality technology, quality management, and if costs kept under control, and all above mentioned allows farmers and to Dairies a profitable production.

“TAURUS”Agro Konsalting Date: 11.20.2009.

Hemograd, lamela IV/2a

Vrsac 26300, Serbia

Radivoj Ćosić, dipl.Ing.

Tel.013 839 129

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